In 1757, applying little more than observation and the limited analytical tools available in his time, Russian scholar, Mikhailo V. Lomonosov, is generally considered to have fathered the theory that crude oil, after "percolating" for "a great duration of time" might originate from biological material.
Nikolai Kudryavtsev, who died 1971, was a Russian petroleum geologist who tendered the abiogenic theory for the origin of petroleum, which states that based on pure science and not just observation, petroleum is formed from non-biological sources of hydrocarbons located in the Earth's crust and mantle. This is similar to the process producing methane volcanoes discovered on other planets which few suggest originate from biological material. He is also considered the father of the modern Russian oil industry which became the worlds largest oil producer this year.


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